CentOS 8 - Yum offline install

Sometimes you need to install a package in an environment where you cannot use the Internet.


Prepare another computer

First, prepare a computer with an OS installed, such as the offline computer.

In this case, use yum to install the package you want to install on another computer with Internet. Creating a virtual machine using VMWare or VirtualBox simplifies your work.

Be careful : Both computers' OS must be same. And it is recommended not to issue commands such as "yum update" because all packages should have the same versions.

Most of the offline servers have not been updated by "yum update" command because they cannot connect to the Internet. So in this case, even your virtual machine doesn't do a yum update.


Enable CentOS 8 Repo

The following yum error occurs when you do yum related task. ``` bash Error: Failed to download metadata for repo 'appstream': Cannot prepare internal mirrorlist: No URLs in mirrorlist ``` Problem Convert the existing Mirror site to Vault through the command below

sed -i 's/mirrorlist/#mirrorlist/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-*
sed -i 's|#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org|baseurl=http://vault.centos.org|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-*


Initially, not all repo's are active. Activate the Power Tool Repo. This repo contains a number of packages for development.

yum config-manager --set-enabled powertools


Install the package on the test server

Install the package you want to install on the test server as follows. The following example is an example of installing g++ on CentOS 8.4. CentOS 8.4 has gcc 8.4.1 installed. But g++ is not installed.

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep gcc
libgcc-8.4.1-1.el8.x86_64
gcc-8.4.1-1.el8.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# gcc --version
gcc (GCC) 8.4.1 20200928 (Red Hat 8.4.1-1)
Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

[root@localhost ~]# g++ version
bash: g++: command not found...
Failed to search for file: cannot update repo 'appstream': Cannot prepare internal mirrorlist: No URLs in mirrorlist


Try installing without using the -y option. In the figure below, the current version of gcc-c++ is 8.5.0-4, and the update of the existing gcc will also be performed to install this package.

When installing a package offline, it is recommended not to change the version of an existing package as much as possible. If you update an existing package, there is no problem if you use yum, which can be accessed online.

[root@localhost ~]# yum install gcc-c++
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:16 ago on Sun 17 Jul 2022 08:02:26 AM PDT.
Dependencies resolved.
=============================================================================================
 Package                  Architecture    Version                   Repository          Size
=============================================================================================
Installing:
 gcc-c++                  x86_64          8.5.0-4.el8_5             appstream           12 M
Upgrading:
 cpp                      x86_64          8.5.0-4.el8_5             appstream           10 M
 gcc                      x86_64          8.5.0-4.el8_5             appstream           23 M
 libgcc                   x86_64          8.5.0-4.el8_5             baseos              79 k
 libgomp                  x86_64          8.5.0-4.el8_5             baseos             206 k
 libstdc++                x86_64          8.5.0-4.el8_5             baseos             453 k
Installing dependencies:
 libstdc++-devel          x86_64          8.5.0-4.el8_5             appstream          2.0 M

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================
Install  2 Packages
Upgrade  5 Packages

Total download size: 49 M
Is this ok [y/N]:


Based on the information above, let's proceed with the least amount of work. Press N once to exit the installation.


Download packages that are compatible with existing packages -method 1

Starting with CentOS 7, yum provides an option to download only without package installation. You can simply download it with the following command:

yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=<directory> <package-name>

So you can easily download it along with the dependency package with the following command:

yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=./ gcc-c++

Now, libstdc++-devel-8.4.1-1.el8.x86_64.rpm and gcc-c++-8.4.1-1.el8.x86_64.rpm files will be saved in your working directory.


Download packages that are compatible with existing packages -method 2

First of all, the upgrade item is the currently installed package, so keep this version. First, check the previous installed version again.

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa |grep libstdc++
libstdc++-8.4.1-1.el8.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa |grep libgomp
libgomp-8.4.1-1.el8.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa |grep libgcc
libgcc-8.4.1-1.el8.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa |grep gcc
libgcc-8.4.1-1.el8.x86_64
gcc-8.4.1-1.el8.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa |grep cpp
cpp-8.4.1-1.el8.x86_64
abrt-addon-ccpp-2.10.9-20.el8.x86_64
mcpp-2.7.2-20.el8.x86_64
libmcpp-2.7.2-20.el8.x86_64


All packages are matched to the gcc version. Therefore, we prepare and install the versions of the two packages to be newly installed (libstdc++-devel, gcc-c++) as 8.4.1-1. Then, it is easy to work because it does not upgrade gcc-related packages.


Packages can be found easily at https://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=ntsysv&submit=Search+...&system=&arch=.


First, search for libstdc++-devel 8.4.1-1 version. If you search for libstdc++-devel on the above page, a list of downloadable files appears below.



Find 8.4.1-1 here and download the rpm.


In the same way, gcc-c++ also searches for 8.4.1-1 instead of 8.5.0-4.el8_5 and downloads it with the wget command.


Install the downloaded rpm

Since the downloaded package rpm does not upgrade, it can be installed immediately.

[root@localhost ~]# ll
total 14668
-rw-------. 1 root root     2747 Jul 17 06:11 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12857496 Oct 12  2020 gcc-c++-8.4.1-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  2148004 Oct 12  2020 libstdc++-devel-8.4.1-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
-rw-------. 1 root root     2073 Jul 17 06:11 original-ks.cfg


Be sure to install packages from depencencies first.

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh libstdc++-devel-8.4.1-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
warning: libstdc++-devel-8.4.1-1.el8.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 8483c65d: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:libstdc++-devel-8.4.1-1.el8      ################################# [100%]
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh gcc-c++-8.4.1-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
warning: gcc-c++-8.4.1-1.el8.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 8483c65d: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:gcc-c++-8.4.1-1.el8              ################################# [100%]


Let's check whether it is installed properly. You can see that it is installed properly. Now you can copy these two packages and install them on the offline server.

[root@localhost ~]# g++ --version
g++ (GCC) 8.4.1 20200928 (Red Hat 8.4.1-1)
Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.


Training

This is an example of offline installation of libcurl-devel without explanation.

[root@localhost ~]# yum install libcurl-devel
Last metadata expiration check: 0:25:24 ago on Sun 17 Jul 2022 08:02:26 AM PDT.
Dependencies resolved.
=============================================================================================
 Package                 Architecture     Version                     Repository        Size
=============================================================================================
Installing:
 libcurl-devel           x86_64           7.61.1-22.el8               baseos           834 k
Upgrading:
 libcurl                 x86_64           7.61.1-22.el8               baseos           301 k
 openssl                 x86_64           1:1.1.1k-5.el8_5            baseos           709 k
 openssl-libs            x86_64           1:1.1.1k-5.el8_5            baseos           1.5 M

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================
Install  1 Package
Upgrade  3 Packages

Total download size: 3.3 M
Is this ok [y/N]: N
Operation aborted.
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa |grep libcurl
libcurl-7.61.1-18.el8.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://rpmfind.net/linux/centos/8-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/libcurl-devel-7.61.1-18.el8.x86_64.rpm
--2022-07-17 08:29:30--  https://rpmfind.net/linux/centos/8-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/libcurl-devel-7.61.1-18.el8.x86_64.rpm
Resolving rpmfind.net (rpmfind.net)... 195.220.108.108
Connecting to rpmfind.net (rpmfind.net)|195.220.108.108|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 852712 (833K) [application/x-rpm]
Saving to: ‘libcurl-devel-7.61.1-18.el8.x86_64.rpm’

libcurl-devel-7.61.1-18 100%[============================>] 832.73K   527KB/s    in 1.6s

2022-07-17 08:29:33 (527 KB/s) - ‘libcurl-devel-7.61.1-18.el8.x86_64.rpm’ saved [852712/852712]

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh libcurl-devel-7.61.1-18.el8.x86_64.rpm
warning: libcurl-devel-7.61.1-18.el8.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 8483c65d: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:libcurl-devel-7.61.1-18.el8      ################################# [100%]


 

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